What are the risks and contraindications of dental implants?

Implants have a well-established record of clinical success, but like any surgical procedure, they carry risks that must be taken seriously. The most common complication is peri-implantitis, an infection of the tissue and bone surrounding the implant caused by bacterial plaque build-up. It is the implant equivalent of gum disease and, if untreated, can lead to bone loss and implant failure.

Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for implant failure. It reduces blood flow to the tissues, slows healing, and increases the likelihood of infection after surgery. We do not refuse to treat patients who smoke, but we discuss the risk honestly and recommend reducing or stopping smoking before and after placement.

Poorly controlled diabetes affects healing and immune response, which directly impacts how well the bone integrates with the implant. Patients with well-managed diabetes can be excellent implant candidates. Those with persistently high blood sugar levels are at meaningfully higher risk, and treatment may need to be deferred until control improves.

Other situations that require careful assessment include patients on bisphosphonate medications, those who have had radiation therapy to the jaw, and patients with certain autoimmune conditions. There are also anatomical contraindications, such as insufficient bone that cannot be rebuilt with grafting. A thorough review of your medical history and imaging is the only way to determine whether implant treatment is appropriate for you.